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Electoral management and enforcement

Election Management Bodies (EMBs) play a crucial part in electoral ergonomics, but the nature, responsibilities, and organisation of these entities can vary across systems. Is the EMB independent or not? Does it conduct the elections or only organise them? Is it responsible for national elections only or for local ones too and what about referenda? Does it have any judicial or enforcement power? Is it responsible for civic education and is it allowed to campaign to increase turnout? These are some of the critical elements which we compare as part of this category.